Gene Smith has posted a helpful diagram from his IA Summit Panel presentation:

Click to see full size

You get folksonomies when people are tagging stuff — whether it’s their own or other’s — in public.

Thomas Vander Wal, who coined the term “folksonomy,” I think would label the X axis [Mnemonic: X is a-cross] differently. In his post on broad and narrow folksonomies, he defines a broad folksonomy as one that “has many people tagging the same object and every person can tag the object with their own tags” (= del.icio.us). A narrow taxonomy has fewer people tagging and there is only one of each tag applied (= flickr).

The latter clause is the important one. At del.icio.us, 100 people could upload the same bookmark (= URL) and tag it. At flickr, generally only the person who took a photo is going to upload it, and even if two people upload the identical photo, flickr counts them as a separate. So, at del.icio.us, if 50 people have tagged a bookmark as “SF,” you may nevertheless decide to become the 51st, because that’s how you want to remember that URL. That there are now 51 “SF” tags is important information that could be used to create a folksonomy. At flickr, if you come across a photo of the Golden Gate bridge that is already tagged “SF,” and that’s how you want to remember it, you won’t add a “SF” tag because the photo already has that tag. Thus, flickr doesn’t know how many people find the “SF” tag useful for any particular photo. (Flickr can know that overall at flickr there are lots more “SF” tags than “San Francisco” tags; the folksonomy happens one level up.)

So, if I understand Thomas, a broad taxonomy is really one in which an object can have multiple instances of the same tag, whereas in a narrow taxonomy, an object can only have one instance of each tag.

I wrote to Thomas and asked him how he would jigger Gene’s diagram, and he replied:

I think the X-axis should be tagging for one’s self (right) and tagging for others (left), which would make the pure folksonomy quadrant the upper right. This would move GMail to the lower right with Furl above it and a little left. I think Technorati Tags would move ever so slightly right.

Or we could replace the X axis with Narrow to Broad folksonomy, which would move flickr to the left and del.icio.us to the right. So, now all we need is a n-dimensional matrix to accommodate all these damn quadrants. Plus, I need a brain that understands spatial relationships.

I think I’m missing something obvious, but why can’t I find a p2p backup system that lets me and a designated buddy swap storage space? I’ll give my pal, say, 5GB of storage on my computer if she’ll give me 5GB on hers. My computer is pretty much always on, and so is my buddy’s. All we need is some basic sw for letting us designate the directories we want kept up to date and for making the p2p connection. Maybe a little encryption and compression. Neither of us guarantees 24/7/365 access, multiply redundant raid arrays, or whatever, but it would help me sleep better knowing that when my house melts, the drafts of that unfinished awful novel will survive.

Does this software — preferably free and open source — exist and I’ve just missed it? If it doesn’t, have I missed why this is a bad idea?

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Over at Tom Peters‘ site I posted a bit about Netflix’s policy on who gets which DVD’s first, citing an anonymous research paper on the topic. Who do I hear from afterwards but my old friend Mike Muegel. Turns out, he’s the anonymous writer. He says:

It was a fun little project, as it was so obvious what was going on, especially after I set up the 2nd account. And I enjoy writing custom Web robots and charting. Oh how I love my graphs…

By the way, Mike notes that he’s looking for his next job. If you want to contact him, he’s now added his name and email address (mike\AT/muegel.org) to his report, as well as a postscript…

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The GlobalVoices blog is getting really interesting. It’s a Berkman-sponsored place for talking about ways in which we can get better at hearing blogs from other parts of the world.

For example, recent articles include: An Iranian presidential candidate starts blogging, two Malaysian bloggers talk about the role of blogs where the MSM are tightly controlled, and sources of information from newly-tumultuous Krygyzstan.

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Companies like Boeing spend years developing controlled vocabularies to drive ambiguity out of their technical documentation. For example, tech writers might be told to use the word “turn” but not “twist” when describing any circular motion involving a tool. And, at Corbis, the home of millions of digital images, the in-house cataloguers might be told to use the word “shore” and not “beach” when describing coastal photos.

But no one is in a position to write a controlled vocabulary for the Internet, And if they were, you can be sure that many of us would be twisting the night away on the beach, just to break the rules.

This is the promise and the risk of folksonomies. Folksonomies arise when people are tagging objects (Web pages, photos, etc.) in public. If you want something to be found by others, you’ll choose the most popular tag. That adds yet more momentum to that tag. And before you know it, most people tag posts about PC Forum as “pcforum05,” not “pcf”, “pcf05” or “Esther’s thang.” Folksonomies are bottom-up controlled vocabularies.

For not very good reasons, the word “controlled” raises a red flag for me. Here’s my mental back-and-forth on the issue:

Back: A folksonomy is not centrally controlled, which is good because a vocabulary dictator would not only frequently get it wrong, but would silently enforce her interpretation. Word choice is too important to be left to the tyrants. In fact, the first thing tyrants do is try to control our word choices.

Forth: But a folksonomy is nonetheless controlled by a majority. Do folksonomies replace the central vocabulary dictator with an emergent dictator? The word choices are likely to be more in tune with majority thinking, but the conformism of the hippies was as bad as the conformism of the suits.

Back: This is simply how language works. Words and meanings arise from a type of “conformism,” but so what? Meaning itself is a type of conformism, you aging hippie douchebag!

Forth: But, language changes through implicit evocations of meaning. There is no word dictator who declares “Thou shalt now replace the word ‘idea’ with ‘meme.'” Nope, we hear the word, get a sense from context or from a bumbling, hand-waving definition from someone at a party, and we appropriate it. After a while, a dictionary notices and attempts to freeze and formalize the definition. Yet, tags are explicit. They take something as rich in meaning as a family photo and reduce it to a single word. That’s a diminishment.

Back: Big freaking deal. Categorization diminishes. Everyone knows that. It’s why we categorize: It reduces complexity to something manageable at least for the moment. But often categorization diminishes so that things in their richness can be found: Menus in restaurants categorize food so you can taste it in all its glory. And if people feel that the popular tags are not categorizing objects the way they want, they can build local folksonomies, using the tags accepted by their social group.

Forth: Not in the commercial world. Steve Papa at Endeca at the PCForum open discussion a few days ago pointed to eBay as an example: There are economic reasons to describe your items for sale using the most popular language. E.g., call it a “notebook,” not a “laptop.” Likewise, where there are economic or other reasons for people to use the popular tags, some folksonomies will dominate. This will undoubtedly drive some ambiguity out of our everyday language. For example, someone pointed out to me recently that CNN started out calling the tsunami a “tidal wave,” but switched when everyone else was calling it a “tsunami.” That sort of thing will happen faster and more regularly as folksonomies grow in more and more fields.

Back: Big deal. Tsunami = tidal wave. And because CNN switched, now we can find its stories when we search for “tsunami.”

Forth: No two words are every exactly the same. And clarity leads to division. Imagine that a site like NYTimes.com allows us to tag their posts in a del.icio.us sort of way. (We can do that already at del.icio.us, of course, but doing it on the Times site would be different.) There will be tag wars over whether to tag articles as “tax relief” or “wealthy welfare.” Communities will form around semantics, making George Lakoff happy, but further driving us apart.

Back: So the only thing that lets us live together is the ambiguity of our language? If we ever really understood each other, we’d kill each other?

Forth: Well, ambiguity sure helps. What would we do without those gray zones?

Me: Folksonomies will influence how we use words outside of the tagging environment. It will sometimes replace the subtle, organic ways in which language evolves with the crudity endemic to explicitness. Groups will form around words, and words will form around groups, as always. We and our language will survive. [Technorati tags: taxonomy folksonomy tags]

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I’m doing a little guest blogging at Tom Peters’ blog. For example, I just posted something about Netflix’s way of deciding who gets which titles when…

As I’ve said before, I’m a big admirer of Tom, so I’m thrilled to get to blog there for a bit. [Technorati tag: TomPeters]

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Steve Johnson has a brilliant post on why he doesn’t blog his books as he writes them:

The problem for an author is that books are not written the way they are read. They usually take years to write, from original proposal to final proofs; they are rarely composed in sequence; and by the time you submit a final manuscript, you’ve invariably read every page dozens of times, mostly out context.

So for me at least, the trick of writing a book is somehow shedding all the layered, time-shifted contortions of writing, and somehow recreating what it would feel like to sit down as a newcomer to the book and start reading..

…And private, linear, slow is exactly the opposite of the experience of blogging. .

Read the whole thing if only because it is itself an example of Steve’s blend of logic, insight and voice.

I wrote Small Pieces Loosely Joined entirely online, posting updated drafts every day. That was a mistake. What’s the point of reading, much less commenting on, drafts the author is going to throw out tomorow? So, next time, I think I’ll aggressively blog ideas as they occur and post drafts of chapters as I finish them. I think. [Technorati tags: SteveJohnson blogs]

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From the Signal to Noise conference announcement:

The conference offers an exciting mix of performances, demonstrations and discussions examining how digital technologies are enabling new forms of creativity by a broader group of people. Cultural, business, legal and ethical implications of new genres and new forms of authorship will all be covered along with an artist’s interests and rights in downstream uses of original creations. Scheduled conference participants include New York Times bestselling author Matthew Pearl, copyright scholar Terry Fisher, fanfic author Naomi Novik, David Dixon of Beatallica, innovative musician Dan the Automator, Paul Marino of machinima.org, and Wendy Seltzer of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Signal or Noise 2K5 is open to the public but pre-registration is needed: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sn/register. For more information about the conference’s location, schedule and participants, please visit http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sn/schedule. To view a map of the area: http://map.harvard.edu/level2.cfm?mapname=camb_allston&tile=F6.

I sat in on a planning meeting and it looks like it’s going to be more eclectic and less sit-and-listen-y than most conferences.

From the Berkman’s Rebecca MacKinnon:

Malaysian bloggers Jeff Ooi and Mack Zulkieli will help me kick off our first LIVE Globalvoices online IRC interview and chat. Join us Friday (tomorrow) at *15:00GMT* (10:00am Friday EST, 23:00 Friday China time, etc.)

*IRC location:* #globalvoices on Freenode. (irc://irc.freenode.net/#globalvoices).

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Let me be the second to congratulate Steve Himmer on defending his MFA dissertation. Woohoo! [Note: This corrects a mistake in the previous version.] [Technorati tag: himmer]

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Ten by Ten lets you browse the top stories via thumbnails. [Technorati tags: taxonomy tags]

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